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Код

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;

namespace Krypter
{
    class Program
    {
        static string inFilePath = "in.txt";
        static string outFilePath = "out.txt";

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                Dictionary<char, int> dictionary =
                    Program.Encrypt(inFilePath, outFilePath);

                // Show the dictionary.
                foreach (KeyValuePair<char, int> pair in dictionary)
                    Console.WriteLine(pair.Key + " " + pair.Value);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Failed due to exception : " + e.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine("Done.");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static Dictionary<char,int> Encrypt(string inFilePath, string outFilePath)
        {
            // Encryption dictionaty.
            Dictionary<char,int> dictionary = new Dictionary<char,int>();

            // Random codes generator.
            Random random = new Random();

            using (StreamReader inFile = new StreamReader(inFilePath))
            using (StreamWriter outFile = new StreamWriter(outFilePath))
            {
                while (inFile.Peek() >= 0)
                {
                    char symbol = (char)inFile.Read();
                    int code = 0;
                    if (!dictionary.TryGetValue(symbol, out code))
                    {
                        code = random.Next(Int32.MaxValue);
                        dictionary.Add(symbol, code);
                    }
                    outFile.Write(code);
                }
            }

            return dictionary;
        }
    }
}