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Код

    class Test
    {
        public Test(string inValue, string outValue)
        {
            In = inValue;
            Out = outValue;
        }

        public string In { get; set; }
        public string Out { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0}:{1}", In, Out);
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static List<List<Test>> GetSequences(List<Test> tests)
        {
            List<List<Test>> sequences = new List<List<Test>>();
            var rootElements = tests.Where(t => t.In == tests[0].In);
            foreach (var root in rootElements)
            {
                List<Test> sequence = new List<Test> {root};
                sequences.Add(sequence);
                FindDescendants(sequences, sequence, tests);
            }

            return sequences;
        }

        static void FindDescendants(List<List<Test>> sequences, List<Test> currentSequence,
            List<Test> testRepository)
        {
            bool createNewSecuence = false;
            Test lastItem = currentSequence.Last();
            List<Test> savedCurrentSequence = new List<Test>(currentSequence);
            foreach (Test descendant in testRepository.Where(t => t.In == lastItem.Out))
            {
                List<Test> sequence;
                if (createNewSecuence)
                {
                    sequence = new List<Test>(savedCurrentSequence);
                    sequences.Add(sequence);
                }
                else
                {
                    sequence = currentSequence;
                }
                sequence.Add(descendant);
                FindDescendants(sequences, sequence, testRepository);
                createNewSecuence = true;
            }            
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Test> tests = new List<Test>
                {
                    new Test("a", "b"),
                    new Test("a", "c"),
                    new Test("c", "e"),
                    new Test("b", "e"),
                    new Test("b", "d"),
                    new Test("e", "d")
                };

            var sequences = GetSequences(tests);

            foreach (List<Test> sequence in sequences)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" => ", sequence.Select(t => t.ToString()).ToArray()));
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }