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Код

private void createTree_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            TraverseSOM(xsdPath.Text);
        }

        private static XmlSchema ReadAndCompileSchema(string fileName)
        {
            XmlTextReader tr = new XmlTextReader(fileName, new NameTable());

            XmlSchema schema = XmlSchema.Read(tr,
                   new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallbackOne));
            tr.Close();

            XmlSchemaSet xset = new XmlSchemaSet();
            xset.Add(schema);
            xset.Compile();

            return schema;
        }

        private static void ValidationCallbackOne(object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Exception Severity: " + args.Severity);
            Console.WriteLine(args.Message);
        }

        private void TraverseSOM(string xsfFilename)
        {
            XmlSchema custSchema = ReadAndCompileSchema(xsfFilename);

            foreach (XmlSchemaElement elem in custSchema.Elements.Values)
            {
                TreeNode rootNode = ProcessElement(elem);
                treeView.Nodes.Add(rootNode);
            }
        }

        private TreeNode ProcessElement(XmlSchemaElement element)
        {
            TreeNode node = new TreeNode(element.Name);

            XmlSchemaComplexType ct = element.ElementSchemaType as XmlSchemaComplexType;

            if (ct != null)
            {
                // Обработка вложенных элементов
                XmlSchemaSequence sequence =
                    ct.ContentTypeParticle as XmlSchemaSequence;

                if (sequence != null)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < sequence.Items.Count; ++i)
                    {
                        XmlSchemaElement child =
                            sequence.Items[i] as XmlSchemaElement;

                        if (child != null)
                        {
                            TreeNode childNode = ProcessElement(child);

                            node.Nodes.Add(childNode);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Обработка атрибутов
                foreach (DictionaryEntry obj in ct.AttributeUses)
                {
                    node.Nodes.Add((obj.Value as XmlSchemaAttribute).Name);
                }
            }

            return node;
        }