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    a   A string with arbitrary binary data, will be null padded.
    A   A text (ASCII) string, will be space padded.
    Z   A null terminated (ASCIZ) string, will be null padded.
    b   A bit string (ascending bit order inside each byte, like vec()).
    B   A bit string (descending bit order inside each byte).
    h   A hex string (low nybble first).
    H   A hex string (high nybble first).
    c   A signed char value.
    C   An unsigned char value.  Only does bytes.  See U for Unicode.
    s   A signed short value.
    S   An unsigned short value.
          (This 'short' is _exactly_ 16 bits, which may differ from
           what a local C compiler calls 'short'.  If you want
           native-length shorts, use the '!' suffix.)
    i   A signed integer value.
    I   An unsigned integer value.
          (This 'integer' is _at_least_ 32 bits wide.  Its exact
           size depends on what a local C compiler calls 'int',
           and may even be larger than the 'long' described in
           the next item.)
    l   A signed long value.
    L   An unsigned long value.
          (This 'long' is _exactly_ 32 bits, which may differ from
           what a local C compiler calls 'long'.  If you want
           native-length longs, use the '!' suffix.)
    n   An unsigned short in "network" (big-endian) order.
    N   An unsigned long in "network" (big-endian) order.
    v   An unsigned short in "VAX" (little-endian) order.
    V   An unsigned long in "VAX" (little-endian) order.
          (These 'shorts' and 'longs' are _exactly_ 16 bits and
           _exactly_ 32 bits, respectively.)
    q   A signed quad (64-bit) value.
    Q   An unsigned quad value.
          (Quads are available only if your system supports 64-bit
           integer values _and_ if Perl has been compiled to support those.
           Causes a fatal error otherwise.)
    j   A signed integer value (a Perl internal integer, IV).
    J   An unsigned integer value (a Perl internal unsigned integer, UV).
    f   A single-precision float in the native format.
    d   A double-precision float in the native format.
    F   A floating point value in the native native format
           (a Perl internal floating point value, NV).
    D   A long double-precision float in the native format.
          (Long doubles are available only if your system supports long
           double values _and_ if Perl has been compiled to support those.
           Causes a fatal error otherwise.)
    p   A pointer to a null-terminated string.
    P   A pointer to a structure (fixed-length string).
    u   A uuencoded string.
    U   A Unicode character number.  Encodes to UTF-8 internally
        (or UTF-EBCDIC in EBCDIC platforms).
    w   A BER compressed integer.  Its bytes represent an unsigned
        integer in base 128, most significant digit first, with as
        few digits as possible.  Bit eight (the high bit) is set
        on each byte except the last.
    x   A null byte.
    X   Back up a byte.
    @   Null fill to absolute position, counted from the start of
        the innermost ()-group.
    (   Start of a ()-group.
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